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True North geographic North Pole True
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North also known as geographic North
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refers to the direction along Earth's
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surface that points toward the North
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Pole it is the point where all
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longitudinal lines converge providing a
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fixed reference for navigation and Maps
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magnetic north Earth's magnetic pole
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magnetic north refers to the point on
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Earth's surface where the planet's
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magnetic field lines converge this point
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is constantly shifting due to changes in
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the Earth's magnetic field making it
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less predictable than True
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location True North remains constant
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located at the geographic North Pole
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while magnetic north moves over time the
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Magnetic North Pole currently shifts
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from the Canadian Arctic toward Russia
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complicating precise navigation over
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impact Navigators use a compass to find
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magnetic north but since magnetic north
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does not align with True North they must
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adjust for the difference known as the
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magnetic declination to accurately
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navigate using True North
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declination magnetic declination is the
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angle between magnetic north and true
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north and it varies depending on
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location in some areas the angle can be
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large while in others the difference is
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minimal requiring adjustments for
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navigation compass alignment
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compasses Point toward magnetic north
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which can cause discrepancies in
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navigation when traveling long distances
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especially over land or at Sea the
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difference between true north and
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magnetic north becomes more noticeable
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corrected influence of Earth's core
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magnetic north results from Earth's
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molten core generating a magnetic field
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the movement of molten iron in the outer
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core causes the magnetic pole to shift
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unlike True North which is governed by
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Earth's fixed Geographic
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coordinates Geographic versus magnetic
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coordinates True North is essential for
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creating accurate maps and charts based
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on Geographic coordinates latitude and
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longitude while magnetic north is useful
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in guiding Compass readings and is more
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relevant for short range
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navigation stability of
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North True North remains stable and
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fixed throughout history while magnetic
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north is influenced by geological and
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atmospheric conditions and continues to
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change unpredictably over
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difference the primary difference
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between magnetic north and True North
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lies in their reference points True
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North is fixed at the North Pole while
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magnetic north is influenced by Earth's
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magnetic field which shifts over time